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Written by Brad Askew
Legal Tech Founder
Civil & Commercial Law background · Founder of LegalDocuments.co.uk
We’re not a law firm — we help you find the right legal support. For advice on your situation, speak to a legal adviser or find a solicitor.
Updated April 2026 · England & Wales
BA
Written by Brad Askew Legal Tech Founder
Civil & Commercial Law background · Founder of LegalDocuments.co.uk
Updated May 2026
·
England & Wales
If you have hit a wall trying to resolve a complaint with your local council or an adult social care provider, the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman (LGSCO) is the independent body that may be able to help. It looks at whether a public body got something wrong, whether that fault caused you harm or injustice, and what should be done to put things right.
The service is free to use and covers most council functions across England, along with care arranged privately. Before the Ombudsman will consider your case, you normally need to have gone through the organisation's own complaints process first. This page walks through what the Ombudsman can and cannot look at, how the complaint process works in practice, and the kinds of outcomes you might expect if a fault is found.
Overview
The Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman is an independent watchdog for England that investigates complaints about councils, adult social care providers (including privately arranged care) and certain other bodies carrying out public functions. It is not a court and it does not act as a regulator.
Instead, it examines whether an organisation has caused injustice through what it calls maladministration or service failure, which is broadly a fault in how a decision was reached or how a service was delivered. The Ombudsman does not usually reconsider the merits of a decision that was properly made.
If it finds fault, it can recommend remedies such as an apology, a change in procedure, a reconsideration of a decision, or a financial payment to recognise the impact on the complainant. Recommendations are not legally binding in the same way as a court order, but they are almost always accepted and implemented by the bodies involved. The Ombudsman's decisions are published and help shape better practice across local government and social care.
Key steps
01
Complain to the organisation first. Before the Ombudsman will look at your complaint, you must normally have given the council, care provider or other body a fair chance to respond through its own complaints process. Put your concerns in writing, keep copies, and ask them to confirm when their process has ended.
02
Gather your evidence. Pull together the key documents that support what happened: letters, emails, assessment reports, care plans, decision notices, and any notes you made at the time. Write a clear timeline of events and identify the specific actions (or inaction) you believe were wrong and the impact on you.
03
Submit your complaint to the Ombudsman. You can complain online, by phone or by post. Explain who you are complaining about, what went wrong, what harm or loss it caused, and what you would like as a remedy. There is usually a time limit, so do not delay once the internal process has finished.
04
Engage with the assessment. An investigator will decide whether the complaint is one the Ombudsman can look at and whether it is worth investigating. They may contact you for more detail. Respond promptly, stay focused on the facts, and be ready to explain the injustice you have suffered in practical terms.
05
Consider the outcome. If fault is found, the Ombudsman will set out recommendations the organisation should follow, such as an apology, service changes or a payment. If your complaint is not upheld, the decision will explain why. If you disagree, you can ask for a review, though the grounds for changing a decision are narrow.
Common questions
QWho can complain to the Ombudsman?
Anyone directly affected by the actions of a council, adult social care provider or other covered body can usually complain. You can also complain on behalf of someone else, for example a relative who lacks capacity or a friend who has asked you to represent them. In some cases a representative may need written authority from the person affected before the Ombudsman will share information with them.
QIs there a time limit for complaining?
Generally, the Ombudsman expects complaints to be brought within twelve months of you becoming aware of the problem. Late complaints can sometimes still be accepted if there is a good reason for the delay, but this is at the Ombudsman's discretion. It is sensible to move as soon as the organisation's own complaints process has concluded so you do not risk losing your right to escalate.
QWhat kinds of issues fall outside the Ombudsman's remit?
The Ombudsman cannot look at matters that have been decided in court, personnel issues between a council and its staff, or commercial and contractual disputes in most cases. It also cannot investigate academies, most social housing issues handled by the Housing Ombudsman, or policy decisions properly made by elected councillors. If your complaint falls outside its remit, it will usually signpost you to the right place.
QDoes it cost anything to use the Ombudsman?
No. The service is free to complainants, regardless of the complexity of the case. You do not need a solicitor to bring a complaint, and the Ombudsman is designed to be accessible to members of the public without legal training. You are free to get help if you want it, for example from an advocacy service, Citizens Advice or a family member.
QWhat remedies can the Ombudsman recommend?
Typical remedies include a formal apology, a reconsideration of a flawed decision, changes to how the organisation works in future, and financial payments to recognise distress, time, trouble or a quantifiable loss. Payments tend to be modest compared with court awards, because the Ombudsman aims to put you back in the position you should have been in, not to punish the organisation.
QCan I go to the Ombudsman and still take court action?
The Ombudsman will often decline to investigate if court proceedings are a more appropriate route, or if the same issue is already before a court or tribunal. In some situations you may need to choose between the two. If you are considering litigation, it is worth thinking carefully about which path is most likely to give you the outcome you actually want before you commit.
QWhat if I am unhappy with the Ombudsman's decision?
You can ask the Ombudsman to review its decision, but you will normally need to show that there was a factual error, new evidence, or a flaw in the way the investigation was carried out. Simply disagreeing with the outcome is not usually enough. Beyond that, the only further route is judicial review in the High Court, which is a specialist and costly process.
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Brad Askew Legal Tech Founder
Brad has a background in civil and commercial law and founded LegalDocuments.co.uk to make clear, reliable legal information accessible to everyone. This site is not a law firm and does not provide regulated legal advice.
Legal disclaimer
This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. We are not solicitors. For advice on your specific situation, please consult a qualified solicitor.
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