Brad is on the roll of solicitors of England & Wales but does not hold a practising certificate and does not provide legal advice.
Updated June 2026 · England & Wales
Careers rarely stand still. Whether you are picking up new software, studying for a professional qualification, or moving into a role that demands different skills, the ability to train and develop at work matters for your earning power and your job security.
In the UK, employees have certain rights around training and development, and employers have obligations that go with them. But the picture is more nuanced than many people realise. Some rights are statutory, others depend on your contract, and a lot sits in the grey area of what is 'reasonable' for your role.
In this guide I'll walk through what the law actually says, where the common misunderstandings crop up, and what you can do if you feel your employer is falling short. I'm Brad Askew, Legal Tech Founder at LegalDocuments.co.uk, and this is the kind of everyday employment question we help people untangle.
Overview
Training and development rights refer to the framework of statutory entitlements, contractual terms and employer policies that shape how employees access learning at work. The core statutory right most people rely on is the right to request time off for study or training, which applies in certain circumstances, alongside specific rules for young workers, apprentices and those training towards required qualifications for a regulated role.
Beyond that, a lot depends on what your employment contract says, what your staff handbook promises, and what has become custom and practice in your workplace. Some employers go well beyond the legal minimum and build learning budgets, study leave and qualification funding into their benefits package.
Others do the bare minimum. It's also worth separating two things that often get confused: mandatory training your employer needs you to do for the job (health and safety, compliance, role-specific competencies), and development training you want to do for your own career progression. The rules and expectations differ for each.
Key steps
Read your contract and staff handbook first. Before raising anything, check what your employment contract, offer letter and any written policies say about training, study leave, qualification support and development. Many entitlements are contractual rather than statutory, so your paperwork is the starting point for understanding what you are actually entitled to in your role. 2. Identify whether the training is required or developmental. If your employer needs you to complete training to do the job safely or competently, the time and cost usually fall to them. If the training is for your personal career growth, the position can be different. Being clear about which category applies helps you frame the conversation and set realistic expectations. 3. Make a written request where appropriate. For study leave, time off to train, or funding for a qualification, put your request in writing. Explain what the training is, how it relates to your role now or in future, how long it will take, and what you are asking for (time off, cost, flexibility). A clear written request is harder to ignore and easier to escalate later if needed. 4. Discuss it openly with your manager or HR. Book a proper conversation rather than relying on email ping-pong. Be ready to explain the business benefit alongside the personal one. Most training discussions get resolved at this stage, especially if you come with a plan that minimises disruption and shows how you will catch up on work. 5. Escalate through the grievance procedure if you cannot resolve it. If you believe your employer is refusing a statutory right, breaching your contract, or treating you unfairly compared to colleagues, raise a formal grievance using your employer's written procedure. If that does not resolve matters, ACAS early conciliation is typically the next step before any employment tribunal claim.
If the training is required for you to do your job, or is needed to meet health and safety or regulatory standards, your employer generally covers the cost and pays you for the time. For training that is more about personal career development, funding is not automatic and usually depends on what your contract, staff handbook or a specific learning agreement says. Many employers offer support but on agreed terms.
Q Do I have a legal right to paid study leave?
There is no blanket statutory right to paid study leave for every employee. Some workers, including certain young employees and apprentices, have specific entitlements to time off for training. Beyond that, paid study leave is generally a contractual benefit rather than a legal one. Check your contract and handbook, and if it isn't addressed, you can ask, but your employer is not automatically required to agree.
Q Can I be asked to repay training costs if I leave?
Yes, in many cases. Employers often use a training cost agreement (sometimes called a claw-back clause) that requires repayment on a sliding scale if you leave within a set period after training. To be enforceable, the clause normally needs to be clearly agreed in writing, proportionate and a genuine reflection of cost, not a penalty. Read anything you sign carefully before the training starts.
Q What are the rules on minimum pay for apprentices?
Apprentices are entitled to the National Minimum Wage, with a specific apprentice rate that applies to those under a certain age or in the first year of their apprenticeship. After that, the normal age-based minimum wage rates usually apply. Rates change each April, so always check the current figures on gov.uk rather than relying on older sources.
Q Is it legal for an internship to be unpaid?
It depends on what the intern actually does. If an intern is carrying out real work and has set hours and responsibilities, they are usually classed as a worker and entitled to at least the National Minimum Wage. Unpaid internships are generally only lawful in narrow situations, such as genuine work shadowing, very short placements, or placements that are part of a required UK further or higher education course.
Q Can I refuse training my employer wants me to do?
Usually not, if the training is reasonable, relevant to your role and within normal working hours. Reasonable instructions around training are typically part of the employment relationship, and refusing without good reason can lead to disciplinary action. If you have a genuine concern, for example about the timing, the cost falling to you, or a disability-related issue, raise it properly rather than just declining.
Q What can I do if my employer blocks my development entirely?
Start with a written request and a conversation explaining the business case. If that fails, raise it through the formal grievance procedure. If you feel you are being treated less favourably than colleagues, particularly on grounds linked to a protected characteristic, there may be a discrimination angle to consider. ACAS offers free, impartial information, and early conciliation is usually required before any employment tribunal claim.
Training and development rights mix statutory rules, contract terms and workplace policies, which makes it easy to feel stuck when something doesn't seem right. An experienced legal adviser can help you think through your options based on what you describe on the call, so you know how to approach the conversation with your employer.
✓A plain-English explanation of how the rules apply to what you describe
✓Practical perspective on whether to request, negotiate or escalate
✓What to watch out for in training cost agreements and claw-back clauses
✓Clarity on your next steps if you feel your employer is falling short
Personal call · For information only · Independent advisers
Written & reviewed by
Brad Askew Solicitor (non-practising)
Brad is on the roll of solicitors of England & Wales but does not hold a practising certificate and does not provide legal advice. LegalDocuments.co.uk is not a law firm and does not provide regulated legal advice.
This article is for general information only. It is a tool to help you find your way — not legal advice, and not a substitute for speaking to a qualified adviser about your situation.